现代农村信息化建设现状分析和发展规划

本文阐述了农村信息化的重要意义，分析了现代农村信息化建设现状，针对目前存在的问题和农村现有的条件，提出改进方案和今后农村信息化发展的前景。     

论李白怀乡诗

李白一生写下了大量的怀乡诗。随诗人人生际遇的变化，在不同的阶段呈现不同的意蕴和内涵.早年的怀乡诗在壮怀激昂中蕴孽着淡淡乡愁，中年的怀乡诗更多怜子思亲的伦理亲情，晚年的怀乡诗体现了强烈的回归意念。     

宁夏引黄灌区农田退水回灌对土壤盐分影响的试验研究

在小麦整个生育期内,在相同灌水定额条件下,设置4种不同灌溉方式进行对比分析研究.采用退水回灌,在一定时间内会增加0～30 cm的土壤盐分,尤其对0～20 cm的土层影响较大,对其他层次的影响随着深度的加大而减小;在拔节期和灌浆期,连续使用退水灌溉会使春小麦减产,只在拔节期使用退水回灌能够增产.     

宁夏灌区水面植稻净化农田退水效果研究

利用生物浮床技术,将水稻移栽到农田退水水面,利用农田退水进行水稻无土栽培。试验设置引入农田退水的培养池中植稻和退水沟中水面浮床植稻二种栽培方式,并以大田栽培水稻为对照,研究水稻生长状况及对农田退水的净化效果及水稻籽粒品质状况。试验结果表明：①水面浮床植稻对农田退水具有很好的净化作用。在培养池中,农田退水TN的去除率可达...     

Effect of tile effluent on nutrient concentration and retention efficiency in agricultural drainage ditches

Tile drainage is a common water management practice in many agricultural landscapes in the Midwestern United States. Drainage ditches regularly receive water from agricultural fields through these tile drains. This field-scale study was conducted to determine the impact of tile discharge on ambient nutrient concentration, nutrient retention and transport in drainage ditches. Grab water samples were collected during three flow regimes for the determination of soluble phosphorus (SP), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations and their retention in three drainage ditches. Measured nutrient concentration indicated lower SP and NH₄⁺-N, and greater NO₃-N concentrations in tile effluents compared to the ditch water. Net uptake lengths were relatively long, especially for NO₃-N, indicating that nutrients were generally not assimilated efficiently in these drainage systems. Results also indicated that the study reaches were very dynamic showing alternating increases or decreases in nutrient concentration across the flow regimes. The drainage ditches appeared to be nutrient-rich streams that could potentially influence the quality of downstream waters.     

麦秸还田对水稻产量及地表径流NPK流失的影响

在大田试验条件下,以水稻品种运2645为供试材料,设置常规处理（A）、麦秸还田（B）、麦秸还田减肥（C）、肥料运筹（D）和旋耕（E）5个处理组合,研究不同处理对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明：（1）麦秸还田使水稻产量比常规处理增加3.0%左右;（2）试验年度稻季农田总地表径流水量为4.3×103m3·hm-2;（3）麦秸还田减肥和麦秸还田处理比其处理明显降低农田地表径流水体NPK流失量,不同处理地表径流总N流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、常规处理、肥料运筹和旋耕,不同处理地表径流总P和K的流失量由低到高依次为麦秸还田减肥、麦秸还田、肥料运筹、常规处理和旋耕;（4）麦秸还田能够降低稻田地表径流NPK的流失率,但麦秸还田减肥处理由于流失量减小幅度远低于肥料施用量的减小幅度,其NPK流失率均表现为最高;（5）麦秸还田使水稻产量略有增加,使稻田地表径流水体NPK流失量和流失率均明显降低。     

广西西北部地区退化土地再造林项目人为净温室气体汇清除量预估

为了正确评估广西西北部地区退化土地再造林项目在应对气候变化中的作用,在全面收集项目区基础材料的基础上,结合大量的野外调查,估算了项目基准净温室气体汇清除量、实际净温室气体汇清除量以及泄漏,从而可较为精确地预估项目人为净温室气体汇清除量.预估结果,项目将在2008～2027年(20年)的首个计入期内产生1,405,447 t CO2 -e的tCER,年均70 272 t CO2-e.     

“十二五”期间我国天然橡胶消费量预测

通过分析我国天然橡胶消费量和国内生产总值(GDP)之间的关系,建立天然橡胶消费量的回归模型,依据我国经济发展趋势以不同的GDP增长率和时间变量对我国"十二五"期间天然橡胶消费量做出预测。     

不同禁牧时间对典型草原净初级生产力的影响

为了研究禁牧对典型草原生产能力的影响,对在不同时间采取禁牧措施的典型草原的生物量和净初级生产力进行了研究.结果表明,禁牧有利于生物量的提高,而且禁牧时间越长,生物量越高,禁牧17年、7年、2年以及放牧草原的生物量分别为3771.69g/m2、3248.33g/m2、2711.06g/m2和2348.50g/m2.草原生态系统地下生物量明显高于地上.3种禁牧草原的净初级力普遍高于放牧草原,分别为后者的1.23(禁牧2年)、1.20(禁牧7年)和1.08倍(禁牧17年),但是净初级生产力并不随禁牧时间的增加而增加.典型草原物质价值由高到低的顺序为:禁牧17年(1011.68元/hm2·a)＞禁牧7年(600.32元/hm2·a)＞禁牧2年(521.52元/hm2·a)＞放牧草原(301.28元/hm2·a).以上结果表明,禁牧对典型草原的净初级生产力及生物量有明显影响,采取禁牧措施有利于典型草原生产能力的恢复.     

Responses of leaf photosynthesis and plant growth to altered source–sink balance in a Japanese and a Dutch tomato cultivar

We investigated the effects of altered source/sink ratio by leaf or fruit pruning on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and whole-plant growth of ‘Momotaro York’, a Japanese cultivar, and ‘Dundee’, a Dutch cultivar and verified a hypothesis for sink-limitation of plant growth proposed by Tanaka and Fujita (1974). Plants were grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in a greenhouse for 11 weeks. Light-saturated photosynthesis of young, fully expanded leaves measured at atmospheric CO₂ partial pressure of 37 Pa and at an intercellular CO₂ partial pressure of 20 Pa was not influenced by alteration of source/sink ratio for either cultivar. Although soluble sugars were accumulated in leaves under high source/sink conditions, the amount of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, a rate-limiting factor for CO₂-limited photosynthesis, was not affected by the altered source–sink balance. Net assimilation rate of a whole plant increased with decreasing source/sink ratio, but this can be accounted for by the changes in light interception per unit leaf area, without taking the source–sink relationship into consideration. It was concluded that the altered source/sink ratio did not change leaf photosynthetic capacity and the sink-limitation hypothesis cannot be applied to either cultivar under the conditions of the present study.